In Western Australia, a certificate of title is the legal record that shows, and proves, who owns a piece of land, with a list of the registered interests that affect it. Anyone can order a copy from Landgate, whether or not they own the property.
Landgate keeps the WA Government’s official register of who owns land, along with its survey information, and all land information in that public register, certificates of title included, is available to everyone. Owners do not hold an original: Landgate says it cannot provide one, because the certificate of title is the official entry in the WA land register, and that it holds the single official copy of each certificate, in digital form.
What anyone can order is a copy, called a Record of Certificate of Title. It shows what the digital register holds for that piece of land at the exact time of the search.
A title, part by part
Record of Certificate of Title
1Volume / folio
Lot on survey
2Land description
3Registered proprietor (first schedule)
4Limitations, interests, encumbrances and notifications (second schedule)-----END OF CERTIFICATE OF TITLE-----
5Statements
Drawn for this guide from Landgate’s guide COT-01, Reading a Certificate of Title. The parts are in the order that guide describes them; grey lines stand in for the text, and no name or number on a real title is shown. Landgate publishes a sample title of its own.
1Volume and folio, and lot on survey
These are the two references used to search for a piece of land and to describe it in documents. The volume and folio is a unique number that identifies an individual title; Western Australia adopted it as part of the Torrens land system in the 1890s.
2Land description
In the digital register the land description is simplified to the lot on survey. Interests that older paper titles showed in the description, such as depth limits, now appear in the second schedule. The survey plan behind that lot is the official record of the land’s legal boundaries, and usually shows the lot’s dimensions and size.
3Registered proprietor
This part, the first schedule, brings the current ownership together in one place, so there is no need to read through a run of endorsements as on some paper titles. Beside it sit the number and registration date of the last dealing that affected ownership, which can carry a code: T for a transfer, TA for a transmission, ND for survivorship, among others. Where a company owns the land, the title shows the company, not the people behind it.
4Limitations, interests, encumbrances and notifications
The second schedule holds what affects the land: references to the reservations, conditions and depth limits in the original grant, easements that benefit or burden the land, and registered interests such as mortgages, charges and leases. A change to one of those, a mortgage extension for example, is set indented beneath it, and the last of these sub-endorsements shows where things now stand. Consumer Protection’s glossary describes an encumbrance as generally a lodged or registered interest in land by someone who is not the registered owner.
A mortgage can stay on a title after a home loan is paid off. Landgate explains that banks do not discharge mortgages automatically: a discharge of mortgage has to be lodged with Landgate to clear it.
5Statements
Below the line “-----END OF CERTIFICATE OF TITLE-----” comes information about the land that is not guaranteed by the government: where the sketch may be obtained, the previous title, the street address, the local government and any notes. Notes, such as a pending survey or a dealing that has been lodged, do not form part of the title.
What a title does not show
A Record of Certificate of Title shows no sketch of the land and no unregistered interests. Some older paper titles carried a hand-drawn sketch of boundaries, area and dimensions; those sketches are not on digital titles, though a copy can be requested from Landgate, and a survey plan showing the legal boundary and dimensions can be bought separately.
Other matters sit outside the title altogether. Consumer Protection’s glossary says there are up to 100 interests, restrictions or responsibilities in WA that may affect an owner’s use or enjoyment of land and are not listed on a certificate of title. Landgate’s Property Interest Report covers potential land use restrictions, such as whether a property is heritage-listed.
Searching a title
Anyone can order a copy of a property’s title; ownership is not required. Landgate gives these reasons for a buyer or seller to have one: to check the registered owner, to confirm the property is the same one named in the sales contract, and to find any restrictions or covenants. It recommends a title search when buying or selling, as it highlights potential encumbrances.
Each mortgage, caveat or transfer listed on a title is a document of its own, and copies can be ordered too. They cannot be found by address: the order needs the document number and type, which are shown on the title, in the second schedule or, for a transfer, the first schedule. Landgate recommends ordering a current copy of the title, so that what you are reading is up to date. As at October 2026 its Associated title documents page gives the price as $33.90.
Keeping watch over a title
Landgate’s fraud prevention pages include two services an owner can use to guard a title. TitleWatch is a subscription that emails the subscriber when an action is detected on a title, such as a change of ownership details, mortgages, leases or caveats. More on it, and on the identity checks behind every transfer, is in Electronic settlement.
The second is a landowner’s caveat (improper dealings). Once lodged, it stops the registration of documents that would ordinarily need the owner’s signature, such as transfers, mortgages and leases. It must be made in the name of all the owners, and signed and lodged by the owners themselves or by a solicitor acting for all of them; Landgate says a licensed settlement agent does not currently have authority to sign and lodge one on a landowner’s behalf. Removing it needs every owner to attend Landgate’s Midland office in person, and it does not stop every kind of sale, such as one by a mortgagee using its power of sale. Landgate also asks owners with a mortgage to check their mortgage terms with their lender before lodging one.
About this guide
This is a guide published by Dotto. Dotto is not a settlement agent or conveyancer. Dotto holds no settlement agent or conveyancer licence, does not act for buyers or sellers, and does not refer anyone to a settlement agent or conveyancer. This is general information, not advice. It explains property settlement in Western Australia from the side of the buyer or the seller, and it names no settlement agency or law firm. Where this guide and a source differ, the source is right.